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Operator Cards

These cards summarize standard quantum operators, their most common actions, assumptions, and convention warnings. They are lookup entries; full derivations and conceptual discussion live on the canonical pages linked from each card.

CardCore ActionMain Caution
Position(x^ψ)(x)=xψ(x)(\hat x\psi)(x)=x\psi(x)Domain and measure depend on configuration space.
Momentump^=−iℏ d/dx\hat p=-i\hbar\,d/dxSelf-adjointness depends on boundary conditions.
Angular Momentum[Ji,Jj]=iℏϵijkJk[J_i,J_j]=i\hbar\epsilon_{ijk}J_kOne component is diagonalized with J2J^2, not all three.
SpinSi=ℏσi/2S_i=\hbar\sigma_i/2 for spin 1/21/2Spin acts on internal degrees of freedom.
Parity(Pψ)(r)=ψ(−r)(\mathsf P\psi)(\mathbf r)=\psi(-\mathbf r)Parity must be a symmetry before eigenparity is conserved.
Time ReversalTiT−1=−i\mathsf T i\mathsf T^{-1}=-iTime reversal is antiunitary.
TranslationU(a)=e−ia⋅P/ℏU(\mathbf a)=e^{-i\mathbf a\cdot\mathbf P/\hbar}Active and passive conventions differ by signs.
RotationU(R)=e−iθn^⋅J/ℏU(R)=e^{-i\theta\hat{\mathbf n}\cdot\mathbf J/\hbar}State, vector, and coordinate rotations must be distinguished.
Creation-Annihilation[a,a†]=1[a,a^\dagger]=1Oscillator and many-body contexts use related but distinct notation.
DisplacementD(α)=eαa†−α∗aD(\alpha)=e^{\alpha a^\dagger-\alpha^*a}Conventions differ for whether D†aD=a+αD^\dagger aD=a+\alpha or the inverse action is quoted.
SqueezeS(ζ)=e(ζ∗a2−ζa†2)/2S(\zeta)=e^{(\zeta^*a^2-\zeta a^{\dagger2})/2}Phase and sign conventions move between definitions.
Density Operatorρ≥0\rho\ge0, Tr⁡ρ=1\operatorname{Tr}\rho=1Positivity and trace class are essential.

For any operator card, identify the Hilbert space, domain, representation, boundary conditions, and whether the operator is an observable, a symmetry action, a generator, or a state object.

  • R. Shankar, Principles of Quantum Mechanics, 2nd ed., Springer, 1994.
  • J. J. Sakurai and J. Napolitano, Modern Quantum Mechanics, 3rd ed., Cambridge University Press, 2020.
  • M. Reed and B. Simon, Methods of Modern Mathematical Physics I: Functional Analysis, Academic Press, 1980.